如何调整R语言绘图的字体

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R语言绘图字体的设置方案主要有两种：

  • windowsFont()函数和windowsFonts()函数

  • sysfonts, showtext等第三方包

1. windowsFont(s)()函数

用法如下：

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windowsFont(family = "") # 加载系统中已存在的某个字体
windowsFonts(huawenxinwei = windowsFont(family = "STXinwei")) # 对这些字体进行重命名，以便R能够直接使用

这里是常见的中英文字体的中英文对照表

字体中文名 字体英文名
黑体 SimHei
宋体 SimSun
新宋体 NSimSun
仿宋 FangSong
楷体 KaiTi
仿宋_GB2312 FangSong_GB2312
楷体_GB2312 KaiTi_GB2312
微软正黑体 Microsoft JhengHei
微软雅黑 Microsoft YaHei
新细明体 PMingLiU
细明体 MingLiU
标楷体 DFKai-SB
隶书 LiSu
幼圆 YouYuan
华文细黑 STXihei
华文楷体 STKaiti
华文宋体 STSong
华文中宋 STZhongsong
华文仿宋 STFangsong
方正舒体 FZShuTi
方正姚体 FZYaoti
华文彩云 STCaiyun
华文琥珀 STHupo
华文隶书 STLiti
华文行楷 STXingkai
华文新魏 STXinwei

windows系统常见的英文字体有：

英文字体 说明
Arial 常用
Times New Roman 常用于学术期刊
Lucida Caligraphy 漂亮的手写体
Helvetica 适合阅读 
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windowsFonts(
  # 中文字体
  lishu = windowsFont(family = "LiSu"),            # 隶书
  yahei = windowsFont(family = "Microsoft YaHei"), # 微软雅黑
  xinwei = windowsFont(family = "STXingwei"),      # 华文新魏
  kaiti = windowsFont(family = "KaiTi"),           # 楷体
  heiti = windowsFont(family = "SimHei"),          # 黑体
  # 英文字体
  arial = windowsFont(family = "Arial"),             # Arial字体
  newman = windowsFont(family = "Times New Roman"),  #Times New Roman字体   
  hand = windowsFont(family = "Lucida Calligraphy"), # Lucida手写体
  Helvetica = windowsFont(family = "Helvetica")      # 印刷体
  )          
ggplot(mtcars) +
  geom_point(aes(x = mpg, y = drat)) +
  # 中文字体
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 15, y = 4.5, label = "隶书", size = 18, color = "tomato2", family = "lishu") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 26, y = 4.5, label = "微软雅黑", size = 18, color = "tomato2", family = "yahei") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 15, y = 3.8, label = "楷体", size = 18, color = "tomato2", family = "kaiti") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 25, y = 3.8, label = "黑体", size = 18, color = "tomato2", family = "heiti") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 18, y = 3.0, label = "华文新魏", size = 18, color = "tomato2", family = "xinwei") +
  # 英文字体
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 18, y = 3.5, label = "Arial Font", size = 12, color = "tomato2", family = "arial") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 20, y = 4.8, label = "Times New Roman", size = 12, color = "tomato2", family = "newman") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 30, y = 3.0, label = "Lucida", size = 12, color = "tomato2", family = "hand") +
  annotate(geom = "text", x = 30, y = 3.5, label = "Helvetica", size = 12, color = "tomato2", family = "Helvetica")

2. showtext包

下面以showtext包中自带的例子加以说明。

目前Rstudio包中的默认绘图设备并不支持showtext包，所以想要得到类似下图的效果，请直接在R控制台中操作或者打开x()/windows()绘图设备

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library(showtext)
## Loading Google fonts (http://www.google.com/fonts)
font_add_google("Gochi Hand", "gochi")
font_add_google("Schoolbell", "bell")
## Automatically use showtext to render text
showtext_auto()
set.seed(123)
## Manually open a graphics device if you run this code in RStudio
## x11()
hist(rnorm(1000), breaks = 30, col = "steelblue", border = "white",
     main = "", xlab = "", ylab = "")
title("Histogram of Normal Random Numbers", family = "bell", cex.main = 2)
title(ylab = "Frequency", family = "gochi", cex.lab = 2)
text(2, 70, "N = 1000", family = "bell", cex = 2.5)

具体的用法

  • (*) 加载字体

  • 打开绘图设备

  • (*) 申明使用showtext包来渲染字体

  • 绘图

  • 关闭绘图设备

如果想要全局应用showtext包，那么应该使用showtext_auto()函数

载入字体

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font_add(family = "<family_name>", regular = "/path/to/font/file") # regurlar即字体的路径
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library(showtext)
#> Loading required package: sysfonts
#> Loading required package: showtextdb
## 载入黑体
font_add("heiti", regular = "simhei.ttf")
## 载入Constantia字体
font_add("constan", regular = "constan.ttf", italic = "constani.ttf")
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showtext_auto()
library(ggplot2)
p <- ggplot(NULL, aes(x = 1, y = 1)) + 
  ylim(0.8, 1.2) +
  theme(
    axis.title = element_blank(), axis.ticks = element_blank(),
    axis.text = element_blank()
  ) +
  annotate(
    "text", 1, 1.1, family = "heiti", size = 15,
    label = "你好，世界！"
  ) +
  annotate(
    "text", 1, 0.9, label = 'Chinese for "Hello, world!"',
    family = "constan", fontface = "italic", size = 12
  )
## PNG设备
ggsave("showtext-example-4.png", width = 7, height = 4, dpi = 96)
## 关闭showtext字体设置
showtext_auto(FALSE)

参考